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To be classified as a disinfectant, a compound must kill or inactivate 99.9% of contaminants and:

  1. be odorless

  2. leave a measurable residual in the water

  3. have no effect on pH

  4. be soluble in oil

The correct answer is: leave a measurable residual in the water

This statement indicates that in order for a compound to be classified as a disinfectant, not only does it need to kill or inactivate 99.9% of contaminants, but it must also leave a measurable residual in the water. This means that option A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not fulfill this secondary requirement. Option A suggests that the disinfectant must be odorless, which is not a necessary characteristic. Option C implies that the pH of the water must remain unchanged, but a disinfectant may alter the pH depending on its chemical composition. Option D mentions solubility in oil, which is irrelevant when considering the effectiveness of a disinfectant in water. Therefore, option B is the most accurate answer.