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Channeling in filters occurs when:

  1. the filter media is replaced

  2. the water temperature changes

  3. the FMR is exceeded

  4. the pool is not used for long periods

The correct answer is: the FMR is exceeded

In general, channeling in filters refers to the formation of gaps or channels in the filter media, allowing water to flow through without being properly filtered. This can happen when the FMR (flow to media ratio) is exceeded, meaning that the filter is handling more water flow than it is designed for. Option A is incorrect because replacing the filter media would not cause channeling. Option B is incorrect because water temperature changes may affect the efficiency of the filter, but it would not directly cause channeling. Option D is incorrect because not using the pool for long periods may result in a need for backwashing, but it would not cause channeling unless the filter was already clogged or damaged.