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A valve has a vertical disc or wedge attached to a long threaded stem that when rotated either seals or unblocks the flow of water is called a

  1. ball valve

  2. gate valve

  3. safety valve

  4. stop valve

The correct answer is: ball valve

A valve with a vertical disc or wedge that controls the flow of water by rotating is most commonly known as a ball valve. This type of valve is commonly used in plumbing applications. Option B, a gate valve, has a more linear motion as opposed to a rotary motion like a ball valve. Safety valves (C) are typically designed to control the release of steam or other fluids to prevent over-pressure within a system. Finally, a stop valve (D) refers to a general type of valve that can be used in various applications, such as shutting off or regulating the flow of a fluid. Therefore, the best answer is A, ball valve, as it is the most accurate in describing the specific type of valve mentioned in the question.